Nigeria's Policy on Marine and Blue Economy - The Draft...

PRESS RELEASE

FEDERAL MINISTRY OF MARINE AND BLUE ECONOMY

FIRST REVIEW DRAFT

POLICY ON MARINE AND BLUE ECONOMY

PRELIMINARY PAGES

• FORWARD

Marine and Blue Economy encompasses a broad spectrum of activities, from traditional industries such as fisheries and shipping to emerging sectors like marine biotechnology and Blueocean Energy. The world's oceans, seas, and coasts are vast and rich ecosystems that have for long sustained human life and economic activities.  As we move forward in the 21st century, the importance of exploring and exploiting Nigeria’s aquatic resources and marine spaces are now being recognized for their potential contribution to inclusive and sustainable development.

To this end, the establishment and framing of the governance and administrative structures that superintend the Marine and Blue Economy ecosystem in an environmentally sustainable manner is rapidly gaining global traction.  Accordingly, countries are increasingly exploring the vast resources hosted within their ecosystem, thereby balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability.

This Policy aims to leverage the vast potential of Nigeria’s Marine resources inclusive of inland waters, while ensuring the preservation of marine biodiversity and the health of marine ecosystems and presents Nigeria with a unique opportunity to innovate and create a sustainable future. 

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We extend our deepest gratitude to everyone who supported and contributed to this work on the Marine and Blue Economy Policy. It is the product of the collective and collaborative efforts of experts in the fields of Policy, Governance, Economics, Law of the Sea, Geology and Mining, Environment, Marine Biology, Fisheries, Oceanographers, Aquacultures, and Development drawn from governments, civil society, academia, researchers and inter-ministerial entities. Special thanks are due to the local coastal communities/stakeholders for their cooperation and willingness to share their experiences and knowledge, which were crucial in shaping this work. This Policy was produced collaboratively by the contributors who worked in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, from Monday 21st of October to Wednesday 34th October 2024. This Policy is to be considered a living document. Its implementation will generate further lessons and good practices emerging from countries engaged in the Blue Economy process. It is expected to provide decision-makers and other stakeholders with clear and simple guidelines and options for aligning their policies with the Marine and Blue Economy concept. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the ongoing efforts of all those dedicated to advancing the sustainable management of marine resources and promoting the blue economy. Their commitment continues to inspire and drive positive change in our oceans and coastal regions.

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 The National Policy on Marine and Blue Economy is a strategic framework designed to harness Nigeria’s vast marine and coastal resources to foster sustainable economic growth, environmental protection, and socio-economic development aligns with global trends towards integrated marine management and positions Nigeria as a leader in the Marine and Blue Economy sector. The vision for this national policy is to transform Nigeria into a global hub for sustainable marine and blue economy practices, promoting economic development, environmental stewardship, and social equity. As a nation, we must ensure that we achieve a responsible utilization of marine resources, protect biodiversity, and while supporting economic activities expand and diversify Nigeria’s marine-based industries, including fisheries, tourism, and shipping. The policy understands the need to mitigate the impacts of marine pollution and climate change, preserve marine ecosystems for future generations, enhance the livelihoods of coastal communities through inclusive and equitable opportunities in the blue economy, foster innovation in marine technologies, and support research initiatives that drive progress in the sector. 

1.2 The policy equally addresses the need to implement sustainable fishing practices, protect marine biodiversity, and ensure sustainable exploration within the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) and Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ). It will also restore degraded marine environments and promote marine tourism, development of port infrastructure, and support maritime industries including shipping and offshore oil and gas exploration. Nigeria has developed as a necessity, strategies to reduce marine pollution, address the impacts of climate change, enhance marine protected areas, involve local communities in decision-making processes, enhance their capacities, and provide economic opportunities linked to the blue economy. While the country has identified the need to establish a robust institutional structure for policy implementation, coordination among stakeholders, and enforcement of regulations that will emanate from this policy, it is also conscious of the import of investing in research, technology development, and training programs to support the growth of the Marine and Blue Economy sectors. 

1.3 It also recognizes the need to establish mechanisms for tracking progress, assessing impact, and making necessary adjustments to ensure the policy’s effectiveness. Consequently, the policy is expected to contribute to the diversification of the economy through job creation, thereby increasing Nigeria’s GDP. It will also promote marine ecosystem health, reduce pollution, enhance resilience to climate change, enhance access to economic activities, improve the quality of life, and strengthen social equity among coastal and inland waterways communities.  In light of the above, the development process for the National Policy on Marine and Blue Economy started with identifying the need to have a robust policy for the Marine and Blue Economy in Nigeria and commenced with the inauguration of the Technical Committee made up of staff of the Federal Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy, aides of the Hon. Minister and Resource Persons.  

1.4 The development process of this policy contains Eight Broad Parts that deal with the Introduction and Overview of the Policy; Legal and Institutional Framework; Maritime Transport, Trade and Shipping; Fishery and Aquaculture; Marine Abiotic Resources; Marine Innovation & Technology; Cross-Cutting Issues and Policy Implementation Arrangement. represents a transformative approach to leveraging Nigeria’s marine resources for sustainable development. By focusing on integrated management, economic diversification, and environmental protection, Nigeria is poised to achieve significant advancements in its blue economy sector, benefiting both current and future generations.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Foreword
2. Acknowledgement

iii. Executive Summary

Table of Contents

 Acronyms 

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF THE POLICY

1.0 Preamble -

1.2 Overview 

1.3 Background

1.4 Aim and Objectives

1.5 Mandate

1.6 Vision Statement

1.7 Mission Statement

1.8 Purpose

1.9 Scope

1.10 Context

1.11 Policy Development Process

PART TWO: LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

2.0 Preamble

2.1 Nigerian Port Authority (NPA)

2.2 Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA)

2.3 Nigerian Shippers’ Council (NSC)

2.4 National Inland Waterways Authority (NIWA)

2.5 Council for the Regulation of Freight Forwarding in Nigeria (CRFFN)

2.6 Maritime Academy of Nigeria (MAN)

2.7 Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR)

PART THREE: MARITIME TRANSPORT, TRADE AND SHIPPING

3.0 Preamble 

3.1 Maritime Transport      

3.2 Overall Governance and Maritime Administration 

3.3 Cabotage Administration   

3.4 Maritime Safety and Security     

3.5 Maritime Infrastructure Development

3.6 Ports and Harbor Management       

3.7 Inland Dry Ports  

3.8 Vehicle Transit Areas                               

3.9 Ship Registration and Administration  

3.10 Inland Waterways Administration        

3.11 Accident Investigation (Marine Boards of Enquiry) 

3.12 Technology of the Marine and Blue Economy Value Chain  

Maritime Security 

PART FOUR -   FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 

4.0 Preamble

4.1 Inland Fisheries (Lakes, Rivers, Dams and Reservoirs)

4.2 Marine /Industrial Fisheries - (Lagoons, creeks, mangroves, High seas -

4.3 Fisheries Resource management, monitoring, control & surveillance -

4.4 Aquaculture (species diversification, gen bank commercial and non-commercial species) 

4.5 Fish Processing, Quality assurance and Fish disease control and Management 

4.6 Fisheries & Aquaculture research, innovation, technology & development 

PART FIVE: MARINE ABIOTIC RESOURCES

5.0 Preamble

5.1 Coastal Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change

5.2 Seabed Mining

5.3 Seabed Cabling and Piping                                 

5.4 Seabed Decommissioning

5.5 Marine Litters             

PART SIX: MARINE INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY 

6.0 Preamble 

6.1 Marine Technology

6.2 Marine Biotechnology

6.3 Marine Genetics

6.4 Marine Pharmaceuticals

6.5 Water Desalination

6.6 Blue Energy (e.g., offshore wind, tidal power)

6.7 Sustainable Fishing

6.8 Marine Pollution and Waste Management                

6.9   Data and Information Management               

6.10 Marine Spatial Planning (conservation, biodiversity, mapping, marine protected area

6.11 Eco-tourism and marine recreation

6.12   Knowledge Generation and Management

PART SEVEN: CROSS CUTTING ISSUES: 

7.0 Preamble 

7.1 Research and Development

7.2 Human Resource and Professionalism

7.3 Maritime Labour Matters

7.4 Education & Training

7.5 Funding and Investment

7.6 Climate Change

PART EIGHT     IMPLEMENTATION STRUCTURE 

8.0   Coordination Mechanism   

 8.1 National Implementation Committee (NIC) 

8.2   Membership of the National Implementation Committee  

8.3   Functions of National Implementation Committee (NIC) 

 8.4 Technical Working Committee (TWC)  

8.5   Membership of the Technical Working Committee 

8.6   Functions of Technical Working Committee (TWC                                                                         

PART NINE: MARINE AND BLUE ECONOMY STAKEHOLDERS 

9.0 Introduction 

9.1 Role of Coastal and Water Bodies States 

9.2 Role of National Stakeholders

9.3 Role of Sub-Regional, Continental and International Stakeholders

9.4 Timeline (Roadmap) of Implementation Strategies                           

9.5 Monitoring & Evaluation                                                                         

9.6 Risk and Mitigation Strategy            

9.7 Policy Review Timeline  

10. Conclusion                                                                                                 

ANNEXURES:

All relevant Annexures of Definitions, Abbreviations; etc

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - 

1.0 Introduction

1.2 The Marine and Blue Economy (MBE) represents a holistic and sustainable approach to harnessing the potential of oceans, coastal and inland waters living and non-living things for economic growth, ecological conservation, and societal development. It promotes economic growth, social inclusion, preservation, and improvement of livelihoods while at the same time ensuring environmental sustainability of the oceans, and coastal and inland water areas. It is regarded as the decoupling of socioeconomic activities from environmental degradation and optimizing the benefits that may be derived from marine and inland water resources. It conceptualizes oceans as ‘development spaces’ where spatial planning integrates conservation, sustainable use of oil and mineral wealth extraction, bioprospecting, sustainable energy production, and marine transport. The MBE paradigm constitutes a sustainable development framework for developing countries that address equity in access to development and the sharing of benefits from marine and inland water resources, offering scope for re-investment in human development. 

2 Overview 

1.2.1 Nigeria’s total land and water area is 923,768 sq. km, with the area of land being 910, 768 sq. km while that of water is 13,000 sq. km. The Nigerian coastline, which is approximately 850 km stretches across eight states Akwa-Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross Rivers, Delta, Edo, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, and Rivers, the coastline zone is classified into four broad regions namely the barrier lagoon coast, the transgressive mud coast, the  Niger Delta and the strand coast and comprises inshore waters, coastal lagoons, estuaries and mangroves which provide opportunities in oil and gas exploitation, shipping, fishing, agriculture, sand mining, and tourism. Taken together the Marine and Blue Economy Sub-sector of Nigeria can support the nation’s economic diversification policy in the other areas of Shipbuilding and repairs ports infrastructure and services, energy generation, seabed mining underwater cabling, marine biotechnology, (pharmaceuticals and chemicals), water desalination, waste management and disposal, maritime research and consultancy services, and maritime habitat protection and restoration.   Given the significance of the sector, the Federal Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy (FMMBE) was created in August 2023 with the mandate to Institutionalize the Marine and Blue Economy as an important pillar for economic sustenance and growth diversification having due regards to the ecosystem.

1.3 Justification

1.3.1 To provide a safe, secure, and sustainable MBE sector, it is expedient that a robust policy framework is developed. This will serve as a blueprint for Nigeria's strategic utilization of its extensive maritime resources and enhance a strong, diversified, sustainable, and competitive economy. 

1.3.2 The development of the policy is premised on:

1. under-explored maritime domain;
2. inadequate comprehensive policy, addressing critical areas that are in line with the objectives of the MBE; 
3. limited involvement of government agencies, local communities, industry partners, academia, and international organizations;
4. inadequate mechanism for generating and collecting reliable data;
5. inadequate framework to address the increasing demand for sustainable development, job creation, and ecological preservation within the blue sector; and 
6. vast opportunities to support the country’s food security and energy infrastructure from the marine ecosystem.

1.4 Aim and Objectives 

1.4.1 this policy aims to provide a blueprint for effective management and coordination among relevant Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs), and Stakeholders within the value chain for harmonizing national actions in the sector. 1.4.2 Hence, the objectives include:

1. stimulate economic growth and job creation by expanding maritime industries, developing fisheries, aquaculture, maritime transport, and related sectors;
2. enhance resilience to climate change impacts through adaptation strategies, contributing to the overall sustainability and ecological integrity of marine ecosystems;
3. enhance and improve the socio-economic well-being of coastal and inland waterways communities;
4. Stimulate strong international cooperation and diplomacy;
5. Support allied sectors of the economy such as energy infrastructure, food security, and industrialization; and
6. Support the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

1.5 Mandate

1.5.1 To Institutionalize the Marine and Blue Economy as an important pillar for economic sustenance and growth diversification having due regard to the ecosystem.

1.6 Vision Statement

1.6.1 To make Nigeria a global leader in sustainable marine and blue economy practices.

1.7 Mission Statement 

1.7.1 To sustainably harness Nigeria's rich marine and coastal resources, fostering economic growth and development while ensuring the conservation of our marine ecosystems. 

1.8 Scope

1.8.1 The policy addresses the prospects, opportunities, and challenges in maritime transport, trade, shipping, fishery and aquaculture, marine abiotic resources, marine innovation & technology, legal and institutional framework, and other cross-cutting issues like climate change and sustainability pathways in line with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principle. Geographically, it covers all coastline and marine waters within the EEZ and ABNJ. It also applies to all uses and activities in the marine environment, additional sector-specific policies, including maritime transport, tourism, fisheries, and the establishment of marine protected areas. 

1.8.2 Furthermore, it includes all aspects of offshore sovereignty, economically valuable resources in water, such as seabed, onshore infrastructure (seaports, maritime routes) connected with domestic and international trade, and offshore energy resources, be they fossil-based or blue energy. It envisages new and emerging marine technologies and the latest developments in science with an emphasis on the production of goods and services from fisheries, marine manufacturing, shipping, and tourism that relate to the sea and the oceans.

1.9 The Underlying Philosophy 

The Policy vision and the Mission statements will be best achieved with the underpinning philosophies:

1. Leadership: Building strong political will, commitment, and leadership that will engender strong and sustained private sector participation.
2. Priority Setting: Emphasizing the demand side as against the supply-driven STI engagements with the private sector in Nigeria.

iii. Funding: Evolving sustainable funding mechanisms and sustained investments on the part of government with the private sector as the focal point and development partners. 

1. Partnership: Building a virile National Robust and Innovative System, where all the key components are adequately linked for synergy, partnership building, and enhanced competitiveness for economic growth.
2. Acculturalization: Making NPMBE a way of life and building a culture of sustainability to create an enhanced standard of living for all citizens that recognize the Government-Industry Academia (GIA) linkages as a catalyst for economic transformation.

1.10 Policy Development Process

In a bid to develop a robust policy that reflects the mindset of relevant stakeholders and the expectations of the citizenry, the Ministry conducted a need analysis for the policy, after which a Steering and Technical Committee was constituted to develop a zero draft. While developing the policy, stakeholders from different sub-sectors were consulted including the coastal communities, inland waterways communities, Maritime ship owners and other critical stakeholders.  Similarly, inputs were harvested from multilateral organizations, MDAs, academia, and relevant development partners. 

1.10.1 In line with global best practice, the policy was subjected to the scrutiny of the Federal Ministry of Budget & Economic Planning, Nigeria Economic Summit Group (NESG), and KPMG. After several rounds of consultations and validation sessions, the draft policy was forwarded to the Federal Executive Council for Presidential assent. 

Following, the Presidential approval, several rounds of sensitization exercises were conducted to further enlighten citizens on the content and implications of the Policy. Summarily, the development of the Policy undertook the following process:

1. Identified the need for the policy 
2. Conducted need analysis 
3. Constituted and inaugurated the Steering and Technical Committees 
4. Developed Zero Draft
5. Engaged relevant MDAs
6. Conducted Stakeholder engagement/ validation
7. Forwarding of Draft Policy to Federal Executive Council (FEC)
8. Sensitization/Unveiling of the Approved Policy

PART TWO 

LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

2.0 The Legal Framework

2.1 Existing Situation 

2.1.1 The Marine and Blue Economy Sector is a dynamic sector with diverse local and international legal and regulatory frameworks as well as conventions. Also, the sector has cross-cutting and Inter-Ministerial activities that need a lot of collaboration and partnership. 

2.2 Policy Statement

The policy requires multi-faceted legislation, and this is what the policy has done. This framework encompasses legal, regulatory, and institutional structures to ensure sustainable management and utilization of marine and coastal resources

2.3 Policy Goal

To accord MBE a central role in National Economic Planning and Development through the establishment of effective legal and policy framework as well as strengthening linkages at various levels within the NIS. 

2.4 Policy Objectives

1. Review of relevant Acts to incorporate the new MBE Policy and its succeeding policies. 
2.  Facilitating, strengthening, and repositioning FMMBE through appropriate legal instruments to address the demands of the new MBE perspective as the custodian and coordinator of marine and blue economy matters in the country. 
3.  Establish and strengthen the National Council on Marine Research and Blue Economy for effective implementation of the MBE Policy.

2.5 Policy Strategies 

1. Ratification and domestication of IMO instruments into the Nigerian legal system ensures their enforcement across the nation’s maritime domain.
2. Effective implementation of the Suppression of Piracy and Other Maritime Offence (SPOMO) Act has helped in combating piracy in the Gulf of Guinea
3. Establish the National Marine Research and Innovation Fund 

2.6 Maritime Law Framework:

• Merchant Shipping Act (2007)
• Coastal and Inland Shipping (Cabotage) Act (2003)
•   Maritime Operations Coordinating Board Act (1992)
•   Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) Act (2007)
•   Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) Act (1999)
•    NIWA Act
•    Shipping Regulations (2012)
•  Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) 2006 (ratified by Nigeria)
•   SPOMO Act
•   NIOMR Act
•    MAN Act
•    CRFFN Act

 2.7 Blue Economy Framework

• National Ocean Policy (2014)
•   Nigerian Ocean Governance Framework (2017)
•  Fisheries Regulations (2011)
•   Aquaculture Regulations (2013)
•   Coastal Area Protection and Management Law (2011)
•  Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act (1992)
•  National Environmental (Marine Pollution) Regulations (2011)

2.8 Regulatory Agencies:

1. Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA)
2.  Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA)
3.  National Inland Waterways Authority (NIWA)
4.  Nigerian Shippers’ Council (NSC)
5.   Council for the Regulation of Freight Forwarding in Nigeria (CRFFN)
6.  Fisheries and Aquaculture Department (To be rephrase)

• Support MDAs

1. 1. Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv):
   2. Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (FMAFS)
   3.  Federal Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (FMST&I) 
   4.  Federal Ministry of Finance (FMF)
   5. Federal Ministry of Budget and Economic Planning (FMB&EP)   
   6. Federal Ministry of Justice (FMJ)   
   7.  Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs (FMFA) 
   8. Federal Ministry of Solid Minerals Development (MMSD) 
   9. Federal Ministry of Works   
   10.  Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment (FMIT&I):
   11. The Presidency – Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA) National Boundary Commission and Surveyor General’s Office:   
   12. The Ministry of Petroleum Resources (MPR)

• The National Assembly (NASS):     

2.10   Sub-National CBOs and NGOs

The Sub-Nationals: State Governments, relevant State Ministries, Agencies, and Local Governments shall be consulted during the National Councils, CBOS, NGOS, and Stakeholders Forums for a seamless implementation of this Policy

2.11   International Conventions:

1. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982
2.  International Maritime Organization (IMO) Conventions (e.g., SOLAS, MARPOL)
3.  African Maritime Transport Charter
4.  ECOWAS Maritime Transport Protocol

2.12 Regional and Bilateral Agreements:

1. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Maritime Transport Protocol
2.  Gulf of Guinea Maritime Security Strategy
3.  Nigeria-Multilateral Cooperation Agreement on Maritime Security

PART THREE

MARITIME TRANSPORT, TRADE AND SHIPPING

3.0 Preamble

3.1 The Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy in its efforts to reposition the Nigerian Maritime Transport System had: 

1. developed guidelines for the implementation of the Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (LLMC) Convention in Nigeria;
2. Finalized, gazette, and produced the Inland Waterways Transportation Regulation (2023) for safety on the inland waterways;
3. Commenced the implementation of the Nigerian Ports Process Manual (NPPM) on Joint Boarding of Vessel, Joint Cargo Examination, and Operation Free-the-Corridor Programme;
4. Developed a comprehensive four-year Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) Implementation Plan for the Ministry and its Agencies;
5. Adopted the National Joint Industrial (NJIC) Collective Bargaining Agreement on Conditions of Service for Nigerian Seafarers in Coastal Sector 2023;
6. Carried out Joint international compliance inspections with American and EU scientists on Nigerian fishing companies and vessels on TED/BRD.

3.1. Following the port reform of 2004, practically all core cargo handling activities and associated terminals were delegated to Private Terminal Operators, while jurisdiction at the seaside remained with the Nigerian Ports Authority. The Government is committed to promoting shipping and regulatory reforms to ensure that access to efficient and competitive shipping services is maintained. 

3.2 Maritime Transport 

3.2.1 Existing Situation

The maritime transportation industry in Nigeria is critical to the economic growth of the nation. At present, the Nigerian Maritime domain is well secured, especially with the deployment of the Deep Blue Security Architecture and the passage of the Suppression of Piracy and Other Maritime Offence (SPOMO) Act has helped in combating piracy in the Gulf of Guinea.   Nevertheless, the port turnaround time, connectivity to other modes, and automation of humans and trucks access control to the ports need to be addressed.

3.2.2 Policy Statement

Maritime transport aims to develop a maritime industry that is income-generating, self-sufficient, and competitive with comparative advantage in the domestic, regional, and global markets.

3.2.3 Policy Goal

To ensure that the port and ships operate in a safe, secure, efficient, and sustainable manner, to meet the nation’s economic and security needs. 

3.2.4 Policy Objectives

1. Strengthen the designated Agencies serving as the port economic regulator to harmonize and sustain port charges that will make business in Nigerian ports more efficient and competitive; 
2. Ensure the full implementation of the Single Window System and other trade facilitation instruments in the ports to fast-track cargo documentation and clearance;
3. Develop the necessary infrastructure required for the efficient multi-modal transport system in Nigeria through a network of functional road, rail, and inland waterways systems across the country;
4. Provide an enabling environment that will promote Public Private Partnership (PPP) in national and international maritime transport activities; and
5. Promote the use of Cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) for export and Free on Board (FOB) for import for all international trade transactions. 

3.2.5 Policy Strategy

In collaboration with other relevant MDAs and allied institutions

1. Collaborate with the National Assembly for the amendment of relevant Acts of the Agencies to make business in Nigerian ports more efficient and competitive; 
2. Full implementation of the Single Window System and other trade facilitation instruments in the ports to fast-track cargo documentation and clearance;
3. Provide infrastructure for efficient multi-modal transport system within the ports through a network of functional road, rail, and inland waterways system;
4. Promote Public Private Partnership (PPP) in national and international maritime transport activities; and
5. Promote the use of Cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) for export and Free on Board (FOB) for import for all international trade transactions.

3.3 Cabotage Administration

3.3.1 Existing Situation

The Cabotage policy in Nigeria, governed by the Cabotage Act of 2003, is aimed at developing indigenous shipping capacity by restricting coastal shipping between Nigerian ports to Nigerian-owned, built, manned, and registered vessels. The Cabotage Vessel Financing Fund (CVFF) supports Nigerian operators in vessel acquisition and dry docking to boost their involvement in Cabotage trades.

3.3.2 Policy Statement

The government recognizes the great potential and benefits of Coastal and Inland Shipping and is resolved to address the constraints to enable the country to fully exploit the benefits of the Coastal and Inland Shipping (Cabotage) Act 2003. Therefore, the government's objective is to develop inland and coastal shipping with private sector participation.

3.3.3 Policy Goal

1. Review of the Coastal and Inland Shipping (Cabotage) Act 2003 as stipulated.
2. Strengthen the institutions for effective enforcement of the provisions of the Act.
3. Encourage inter-agency synergy for effective implementation of the Act. 
4. Streamline the process of accessing the Cabotage Vessel Financing Fund (CVFF) as enshrined in the Act.
5. Encourage the commitment of the government to the strict implementation of the Act.

3.3.4 Policy Objectives

To optimize the Cabotage regime in Nigeria by enhancing regulatory frameworks, promoting Indigenous participation through financial and operational support, improving operational standards, and fostering sustainable development in the domestic maritime industry.

3.3.5 Policy Strategy

In collaboration with other relevant MDAs and allied institutions

1. Facilitate access to funds and incentives for the acquisition and repairs of vessels.
2. Provide tax incentives and subsidies to enable indigenous investors to compete favorably with foreign maritime operators.
3. Promote joint ventures and investment in maritime projects.
4. Promote transfer of technology in the maritime industry.
5. Enforcement of the Cabotage Act.
6. Promote investment in port and maritime infrastructure, strengthening regulatory enforcement and monitoring and engagement with stakeholders.

3.4 Maritime Safety and Security

3.4.1 Maritime Safety

3.4.1.1   Existing Situation 

Despite the efforts by the government to ensure that vessels coming to Nigeria’s ports comply with international conventions, substandard vessels still visit the ports. The policy recognizes the need to strengthen the regulatory authorities and build capacity across the board. Nigeria’s action in the field of maritime transport, and particularly maritime safety and protection of the marine environment, generates significant added value to the international framework (IMO Conventions).  The ratification and domestication of IMO instruments into the Nigerian legal system ensures their enforcement across the nation’s maritime domain. In addition, Nigeria plays a pivotal role in improving international standards by adopting stringent requirements within the West and Central African sub-region and promoting their adoption at the international level.

3.4.1.2   Policy Statement

The policy aims to ensure safe, secure, and environmentally friendly system of transportation of goods and passengers in line with local and international standards.

3.4.1.3   Policy Goal

1. Ensure proper manning of vessels by Nigerian seafarers;
2. Ensure that all vessels within Nigerian waters meet the basic safety standards in line with international conventions and domestic legislations;
3. Ensure safe navigation of ships within Nigerian territorial waters without encumbrances;
4. Establish full maritime domain coverage and enhance Search and Rescue (SAR) operations in the maritime environment including the Gulf of Guinea;
5. Develop and promote mutual assistance and cooperation between neighboring State Parties in maritime safety, security and protection of the marine environment; and
6. Promote the sharing of best practices among State Parties in the overall management and operation of Maritime Administrations and other maritime entities.

3.4.1.4 Policy Objectives

1. Ensure that all ships operating in Nigerian waters operate by local and international maritime safety, security, and environmental protection regulations;
2. Promulgate appropriate legislation to govern the safe operation of Nigerian flagged ships worldwide and foreign ships operating in Nigerian waters by enforcing Port State and Flag State control measures;
3. Continue to fulfill international obligations under treaties, and multilateral and bilateral agreements regarding maritime safety, security and environmental matters;
4. Review and update maritime-related legislative frameworks in conformity with international obligations and the dynamics of the industry;
5. Collaborate with the West and Central African sub-region to eliminate sub-standard ships through continued implementation of the Flag State and Port State Control (PSC) regimes for Indigenous and foreign ships calling at Nigerian ports in line with extant MoUs;
6. Ensure the Flag State and Port State Control (PSC) inspection targets, currently set at 100% and 15% respectively of all ships making a port call are met and, ensure that the resources required are adequate;
7. Ensure effective Search and Rescue mechanisms through inter-agency collaboration and synergy;
8. Encourage inter-agency collaboration in dealing promptly with wrecks and derelicts in the Nation’s waters as well as create an enabling environment for ship recycling technology through PPP;
9. Ensure that all related interfaces with ships including Jetties and terminals (offshore and onshore) are maintained safely to avoid undue exposure of vessels to unnecessary risks; and
10. Ensure the implementation of the ISPS Code to detect security threats and employ security measures in ports, terminals, and ships.

3.4.1.5 Policy Strategy

In collaboration with other relevant MDAs and allied institutions

1. Ratification domestication and enforcement of all maritime safety conventions on all vessels within her territorial waters;
2. Establishment of an attractive and competitive ship registry and ensure that all vessels flying her flag meet the minimum manning requirements by qualified and certificated personnel;
3. Provision of requisite pilotage complements and other safety equipment, facilities, and channels necessary for safe navigation of vessels along her port channels with zero tolerance for accidents and delays;
4. Provision and sustenance of well-equipped and functional Search and Rescue (SAR) Centres operated by qualified and experienced personnel at strategic locations within her maritime domain in line with the global requirements;
5. Promotion of regional and international technical cooperation and collaboration on safety, security, and marine environmental protection issues for effective implementation and enforcement that will meet the expectations of the global maritime community;
6. Encouragement of best practices in the management and operation of maritime administration activities within her territorial waters; and
7. Empowerment of the designated agency with all the human and material resources required to make the inland waterways functional in a safe, secure, and environmentally clean manner for sustainable operations and management.
8. Implementation of the policy and strategy for continuous performance monitoring of Nigeria’s flag, port, and coastal state obligations 

3.5   Maritime Security

3.5.1   Existing Situation

The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, New York City USA on the 11th of September 2001, and subsequent attacks in Madrid, Paris, London, and Brussels, show how vulnerable transport infrastructure is. All transport modes now must find the right balance between providing commercial openness and effective security procedures. In maritime transport, the Federal Government has been active in recent years, legislating to improve ports and sea security to complement international efforts.

3.5.2 Policy Statement

The policy aims to enforce all customs laws, including oil theft, fishery, and immigration laws of Nigeria at sea, in addition to making charts and coordinating all national hydro-graphical surveys, the aim is to protect ships and ports from terrorism; it has incorporated the ISPS Code into Nigerian Law and extends its application to domestic operations of inland waterways.

3.5.3 Policy Goal 

1. Establish full maritime domain coverage through enhanced surveillance of the maritime environment including the Gulf of Guinea; 
2. Curb all maritime crimes within Nigeria’s maritime domain through the implementation of subsisting legislations; and
3. Ensure that the relevant Nigerian law enforcement agencies intervene in the protection of the sovereignty of the State and all infrastructure, installations, and equipment within the Maritime industry. The intervention shall be by the extant laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

3.5.4 Policy Objectives

1. Provide adequate infrastructure, platforms, and equipment for effective security operations;
2. Enhance maritime domain awareness for detection, deterrence, and interdiction of maritime crimes;
3. Prevent infringement and violation, as well as ensure the enforcement of Customs, Immigration, Fishery, and Pollution Laws and Regulations;
4. Protect the merchant shipping and sea lanes;
5. Preserve the exclusive right of exploration and exploitation of resources within the Nation’s EEZ and ABNJ;
6. Adequate funding of research institutions for exploration and exploitation;
7. Coordinate hydrographic surveys and marking of charts for Nigeria’s waters and the sub-region in general;
8. Prevent marine pollution including but not limited to dumping of toxic wastes in Nigerian waters;
9. Provide adequate funds for the construction of jetties, acquisition of patrol vessels and other equipment for maritime security; and
10. Encourage and attract patronage for effective utilization of existing shipbuilding and repair facilities such as the Naval Dockyard and Shipyard to promote the local shipbuilding industry.

 3.5.5 Policy Strategy

In collaboration with other relevant MDAs and allied institutions

1. Provide adequate support for the maintenance of maritime sovereignty and security and amend relevant laws to make surveillance and enforcement of marine activities more effective;
2. Promote national and international collaboration to prevent illegal activities and threats to maritime security as well as enforce national and international obligations within her territorial and inland waters;
3. Coordinate existing resources held by the various agencies with competencies in surveillance and enforcement to optimize their use and effectiveness; and
4. Support capacity-building initiatives to strengthen monitoring, surveillance, and enforcement capabilities within her maritime domain. 

3.6 Maritime Infrastructure Development 

3.6.1 Existing Situation

Maritime Infrastructure Development in Nigeria has been characterized by both opportunities and challenges. Nigeria has several major ports, including the Port of Lagos (Apapa and Tin Can Island), Port Harcourt, Onne, and Calabar. The Port of Lagos is the busiest and most significant in terms of cargo volume. Many of these ports suffer from congestion, inadequate facilities, and inefficiencies that lead to delays and increased costs for shipping and logistics. There have been ongoing efforts to expand and modernize existing ports. Nigeria has a vast network of rivers and waterways that are underutilized for transportation. 

3.6.2 Policy Statement

Develop and modernize port infrastructures to become a well-integrated multi-modal and inter-modal transportation system that is economically efficient, properly maintained, and environmentally sustainable.

3.6.3 Policy Goal

To develop maritime infrastructure for Nigeria's economic growth and competitiveness. 

3.6.4 Policy Objectives 

1. Upgrade and expand existing port facilities to accommodate larger vessels, improve cargo handling capacity, and reduce turnaround times;
2. Invest in the development of coastal and inland waterways to facilitate efficient transportation of goods, enhance trade connectivity, and promote regional development;
3. Encourage investment through PPPs to leverage private sector expertise and funding in the development and management of maritime infrastructure;
4. strengthen maritime safety and security measures to protect shipping routes, ports, and coastal areas from piracy, smuggling, and other illegal activities;
5. streamline regulatory processes and enhance the capacity of maritime authorities to ensure compliance with international standards and best practices;
6. improve Capacity Building and Human Resource Development; and
7. promote research and development.

3.6.5 Policy Strategy

In collaboration with other relevant MDAs and allied institutions

1. Assess current Infrastructure Inventory in the sector;
2. Coordinate an effective Policy Framework;
3. Investment and Financing (Funding Mechanisms, Public-Private Partnerships, and International Collaboration);
4. Infrastructure Development Plans (Port Expansion and Modernization, Development of Inland Ports)
5. Technology and Innovation (Adoption of digitization and smart technologies in port operations)
6. Monitoring and Evaluation (Performance Metrics, Regular Reviews and Feedback Mechanisms)
7. Capacity Building and Human Resources Development (Educational Programs and Skill Development).

3.7 Ports and Harbor Management           

3.7.1 Existing Situation

Ports and Harbor Management focuses on concession and privatization, tariff regulation, safety and security standards, environmental protection, cargo handling and storage, vessel traffic management, as well as dispute resolution mechanisms for port administration. In a bid to achieve seamless port management operation, an Integrated Port Management Information System (IPMIS) was introduced to implement a centralized revenue collection system. However, some challenges still exist such as port congestion and inadequate infrastructure at the ports. 

3.7.2 Policy Statement

To deliver efficient port services in a safe, secure, and conducive environment, which serves as a maritime hub for sustainable port operations and services in Africa. 

3.7.3 Policy Goal

To maintain the highest possible levels of safety and security for port operations as well as ensure high standards in the implementation of international port policies for efficient service delivery.

3.7.4 Policy Objectives

To serve as a pathway to international best practices for port operations in compliance with safety and security for shipping service delivery and to minimize disruptions in the flow of port traffic.       

3.7.5 Policy Strategy

In collaboration with other relevant MDAs and allied institutions

1. Develop a world-class seamless approach by providing modern port facilities, decongest ports, strengthen security, and adopt PPPs among others; and
2. Develop guidelines for Harbour expansion development and modernization for long-term planning towards infrastructure improvements and maintenance.

3.8 Inland Dry Ports

3.8.1 Existing Situation

In line with the government’s desire to improve the ease of doing business in the sector, it has provided port complementary capacities and brought shipping services close to the steps of shippers in the hinterland. This infrastructure developed through PPP has also created an enabling environment for private sector participation in the development and operation of the dry ports and related infrastructure in the country. 

3.8.2 Policy Statement

This policy seeks to bring shipping activities closer to shippers in the hinterland and increase cargo throughput as well as quick turnaround time as a catalyst for improved trade flows. 

3.8.3 Policy Goal

3.23.1 Create a comprehensive framework for the concession, development, operation, and management of Inland Dry Port (IDP) in the country. 

3.8.4 Policy Objectives

1. Improve the overall logistics and supply chain efficiency within Nigeria by providing integrated transport solutions that reduce congestion at seaports;
2. Support international trade by providing a reliable and efficient gateway for import and export activities, thereby promoting economic growth;
3. Develop the necessary infrastructure such as roads, rail links, and handling facilities to support the operations of the inland dry port;
4. Encourage industrial and economic development in the regions surrounding the inland dry port, creating jobs and fostering local businesses;
5. Promote the use of multimodal transport systems, ensuring seamless movement of goods between maritime and inland transport;
6. Decrease transportation costs for shippers and importers by providing a more efficient alternative to traditional shipping routes;
7. Streamline customs processes and procedures to facilitate faster clearance of goods, thereby reducing dwell times;
8. Promote sustainable transportation practices and minimize the carbon footprint associated with freight transportation;
9. Create a favorable investment climate to attract private sector participation in the development and operation of the dry port; and
10. Enhance the security of cargo transport through proper monitoring and control measures at the inland dry port.

3.8.5 Policy Strategy

In collaboration with other relevant MDAs and allied institutions

1. establish well-planned infrastructure, including customs facilities, warehousing, and transport connectivity to key markets;
2. engage with government agencies, logistics providers, shipping companies, and local businesses to create an integrated transport network;
3. ensure all operations comply with national and international regulatory frameworks governing trade and transport;
4. implement advanced technology systems for tracking, monitoring, and managing cargo to enhance efficiency and transparency;
5. overseeing operations, ensuring adherence to policies and regulations, and facilitating stakeholder collaboration;
6. actively engage with port users, industry associations, and local communities through regular consultations and feedback mechanisms. A stakeholder advisory committee will be formed to ensure that diverse interests are represented in the decision-making process; and
7.  promote the use of green technologies, efficient waste management practices, and initiatives aimed at reducing carbon emissions.

3.9 Vehicle Transit Areas        

3.9.1 Existing Situation

Despite efforts to develop its maritime infrastructure, including ports and terminals that function as vehicle transit areas for both commercial and passenger transport. Major ports like Apapa, Tin Can Island, and Onne Port are crucial for cargo handling and transportation, challenges such as inadequate road access to ports, congestion at port entry and exit points, and limited capacity for handling increasing maritime traffic, continue to inhibit the optimization of the huge potentials in Nigeria’s port and allied systems.

3.9.2 Policy Statement 

The policy creates the framework for effective management and improvement of vehicle transit areas within Nigeria's marine and blue economy sector, contributing to sustainable development and economic prosperity.

3.9.3 Policy Goal 

The goal is to enhance safety protocols and security measures for marine transport to protect both passengers and cargo to support economic development. 

3.9.4 Policy Objectives 

1. 1. Ensure the efficient, safe, and sustainable movement of goods and personnel within the marine and blue economy sector, thereby enhancing economic growth, environmental protection, and social well-being;
   2. Ensure implementation of stringent safety and security measures to protect life, property, and the environment within vehicle transit areas;
   3. Promote sustainable practices to minimize the environmental impact of vehicle transit operations;
   4. Enhance the efficiency of vehicle transit operations to reduce costs and improve the competitiveness of Nigeria's marine and blue economy sector;
   5. Ensure compliance with national and international regulations governing vehicle transit in marine and blue economy sectors;
   6.  Foster collaboration among government agencies, private sector players, and local communities to ensure the successful implementation of transit policies;

• ; and

• Facilitate economic development by improving access to markets and reducing logistical barriers in the marine and blue economy sector.

3.9.5 Policy Strategies 

In collaboration with other relevant MDAs and allied institutions

1. Develop and enforce safety and environmental standards for vehicles operating within marine transit areas;
2. Establish a robust monitoring and evaluation system to oversee compliance with transit policies;
3. Upgrade existing transit infrastructure and construct new facilities as needed to meet growing demands;
4. Foster public-private partnerships to mobilize resources and expertise for infrastructure development and maintenance;
5. Promote the adoption of green technologies and practices to reduce the carbon footprint of transit operations;
6. Conduct regular training and capacity-building programs for transit area personnel;
7. Engage local communities and stakeholders in the planning and implementation of transit policies;
8. Develop modern technologies and innovative solutions to optimize vehicle transit operations and enhance monitoring and control mechanisms;
9. Ensure capacity building and training programs to equip personnel with the necessary skills and knowledge for efficient transit operations;
10. Implement measures to prevent pollution and protect marine biodiversity in vehicle transit areas
11. Enhance data collection and analysis capabilities to inform policy decisions and improve transit operations; and
12. Collaborate with international organizations and neighboring countries to harmonize transit regulations and practices.

3.10 Ship Registration and Administration    

3.10.1 Existing Situation

Nigeria operates a closed ship registry system managed by NIMASA, allowing only vessels owned by Nigerian citizens or companies to be registered under the Nigerian flag. This system supports local ship ownership and strengthens the national maritime industry's compliance with international standards. The registration process demands proof of Nigerian ownership, adherence to safety standards, and proper documentation. Challenges such as bureaucratic inefficiencies, limited capacity, and compliance issues exist. Recent reforms, including digital platforms and streamlined procedures, aim to modernize and improve the efficiency and transparency of ship registration is ongoing.

3.10.2 Policy Statement

Establish an efficient, transparent, and effective ship registration and administration system that is digitally driven to promote the growth and competitiveness of the national maritime sector to make Nigeria a leading maritime nation in Africa.

3.10.3 Policy Goal

To create a digital ship registry that is transparent and efficient to streamline the processes that support the growth of Nigeria’s maritime industry, ensure compliance with national and international standards, and make Nigeria a leading maritime nation in Africa.

3.10.4 Policy Objective

To make Nigeria a leading maritime nation in Africa by improving its ship registration through a streamlining process, regulatory compliance, and enhancing transparency through digital solutions to strengthen regulatory capacity and support Nigerian-owned vessels.

3.10.5 Policy Strategy

In collaboration with other relevant MDAs and allied institutions

1. modernize ship registration by implementing a digital platform, updating regulatory frameworks, and improving transparency through clear guidelines and reporting. 
2.  invest in capacity building, expanding financial support for Nigerian shipowners, and engaging with industry stakeholders.

3.11 Inland Waterways Administration

 3.11.1 Existing Situation

Inland waterways transportation and administration plays a fundamental role in the socio-economic development of countries, especially in critical activities such as commuting, energy supply, goods allocation, and tourism, among others. Nigeria has the second largest length of inland waterways in Africa, approximately 10,000 kilometers of waterways, which are open for use at certain times of the year. While about 3, 000 kilometres are navigable.

3.11.2 Policy Statement

Establish the protocols to Improve and maintain ports, harbors, and waterways, to enhance their capacities for optimal use for appropriate commercial and recreational purposes. 

3.11.3 Policy Goal

To provide regulatory, economical, and operational leadership in the nation's inland waterways system and develop infrastructural facilities for an efficient intermodal transportation system in line with global best practices that are safe, seamless, and affordable.

3.11.4 Policy Objectives

1. Sustainably develop infrastructure on the inland waterways
2. Improve regulatory Framework for the development of inland waterways
3. Ensure environmental sustainability on inland waterways
4. Decentralize governance for local administration
5. Sustain drive for multimodal transport
6. Modernization and digital transformation of inland waterways  
7. Safety and Security Enhancement

3.11.5 Policy Strategy

In collaboration with other relevant MDAs and allied institutions, achieve;

3.11.5.1 Infrastructure Development

• Ports/Jetties Modernization and Expansion: Identify priority area inland water infrastructure like ports and jetties for modernization, focusing on the River Niger/Benue and Delta Rivers, where significant commercial activity takes place. Expand these ports/jetties to handle larger vessels and more cargo.
• Dredging and Maintenance: Conduct regular dredging of major waterways to ensure that channels are deep enough for larger barges. This will involve modern dredging technologies and sustainable methods to minimize environmental impact.
• Investment Promotion: Create friendly investment avenues to attract both foreign and domestic investors. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) can be promoted to fund large-scale infrastructure upgrades.
• Cargo Handling Improvements: Implement modern cargo handling equipment at ports and jetties to reduce loading/unloading times. Automation of processes like container handling can also be explored.

3.11.5.2 Regulatory Framework

• Regulation Streamlining: Simplify regulatory processes for infrastructure development and private-sector involvement. Create clear and transparent procedures for obtaining permits, licenses, and approvals for inland waterway projects.
• Institutional Strengthening: Enhance the capacity of

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